India's Nationalist Assertive Foreign Policy

On March 15, Indian Home Minister Amit Shah embarked on his reelection campaign in Gujarat, emphasizing the Bharatiya Janata Party's (BJP) role in uplifting ordinary Indians and enhancing India's global standing. Shah, a close ally of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, highlighted how the BJP propelled individuals like Modi, who came from humble beginnings, to become influential figures. He stressed Modi's achievements in bolstering India's security, prosperity, and international recognition, asserting that Modi enjoys immense popularity not just in India but worldwide.

Shah's speech underscored a shift in Indian politics, where global affairs now play a significant role. Today, more Indians are concerned about India's position in the world, aligning their aspirations with the nation's fortunes like never before. The BJP has capitalized on this trend, presenting itself as capable of elevating India's status globally, mirroring the rise of individuals like Modi from modest backgrounds to positions of power. This emphasis on international relations reflects Modi's charismatic leadership and the BJP's strategic approach to politics.

The increased interest in global politics among Indians, especially the younger and urban demographic, is evident from surveys indicating support for India's presence on platforms like the UN Security Council and the G-7. Economic prosperity has fueled this interest, as wealthier populations tend to be more engaged in international affairs. Rising incomes have also facilitated greater travel abroad among Indians, fostering connections with the world and influencing their perceptions of global issues.

Despite India's growing engagement with the world, nationalism remains strong, with a majority of Indians expressing pride in Indian culture. The BJP, as a nationalist party, has capitalized on this sentiment by pursuing a more assertive foreign policy, particularly in dealing with traditional rivals like China and Pakistan. This nationalist stance, reminiscent of historical examples like the United States in the 19th century and Japan in the early 20th century, has both domestic and international implications.

Modi's government has actively promoted a distinct foreign policy agenda, rooted in Hindu civilizational values and a desire for global leadership. While India's rise has been bolstered by geopolitical dynamics, such as China's assertiveness prompting countries like the US to seek closer ties with India, there are risks associated with a nationalist foreign policy. The confrontational approach adopted by India in certain instances, such as border disputes and diplomatic incidents, has the potential to strain relations with other countries and hinder India's global aspirations.

As India continues to assert its presence on the world stage, managing the balance between nationalist aspirations and international cooperation will be crucial. A nationalist diplomacy, while appealing to domestic audiences, poses challenges in resolving conflicts and maintaining productive relations with other countries. India's leaders must navigate these complexities to ensure that nationalist fervor does not undermine broader national interests. Likewise, India's partners must adapt to its assertive stance while working towards constructive engagement in the evolving international order.